Indonesian nationalism is a political and cultural movement that seeks to unite the diverse ethnic groups of Indonesia under a common national identity. It emerged in the early 20th century as a response to colonial rule, particularly against the Dutch, and aimed to promote independence and self-determination. Key figures in this movement include Sukarno, who later became Indonesia's first president, and Mohammad Hatta, who played a significant role in the country's independence. The movement emphasizes the importance of unity in diversity, encapsulated in the national motto "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika," which means "Unity in Diversity." Indonesian nationalism celebrates the rich cultural heritage of the archipelago, comprising over 300 ethnic groups and languages. This sense of nationalism continues to shape Indonesia's political landscape and social identity today.