The Indigo plant, scientifically known as Indigofera tinctoria, is a flowering plant native to tropical and subtropical regions. It is best known for its leaves, which contain a natural dye called indigo, used for centuries to color textiles. The plant typically grows to about 1-2 meters tall and produces small, purple flowers. Indigo dye is derived from the leaves through a fermentation process, making it one of the oldest dyes used in the world. Historically, it played a significant role in the textile industry, particularly in the production of denim for blue jeans. Today, the Indigo plant is also cultivated for organic dyeing and sustainable fashion practices.