The Indian Independence Act 1947 was a law passed by the British Parliament that granted independence to India and Pakistan. It marked the end of British colonial rule in the Indian subcontinent, allowing both nations to become sovereign states on August 15, 1947. The Act also outlined the process for the partition of British India into two separate countries based on religious demographics. The Act established a framework for the transfer of power from the British government to the Indian leadership, including key figures like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. It also provided for the creation of a boundary commission to address territorial disputes, which ultimately led to significant population displacement and communal violence during the partition.