An independent circuit refers to a closed loop in an electrical system that operates independently from other circuits. This means that the flow of electricity in this circuit does not affect or rely on the operation of other circuits. Independent circuits are commonly used in various applications, such as in residential wiring, where different areas of a home may have separate circuits for lighting and outlets. These circuits are designed to enhance safety and efficiency. For example, if a fault occurs in one circuit, it does not disrupt the functioning of others, allowing for better control and maintenance. In many cases, independent circuits are protected by their own circuit breakers, ensuring that any overload or short circuit can be isolated without impacting the entire system.