Incumbent access refers to the advantages that existing companies or organizations, known as incumbents, have over new entrants in a market. These advantages can include established customer relationships, brand recognition, and access to resources such as distribution channels and capital. This often makes it challenging for new competitors to gain a foothold. In many industries, regulatory frameworks can also provide incumbents with additional protection, making it harder for newcomers to enter the market. As a result, incumbent access can lead to reduced competition, which may impact innovation and pricing for consumers.