The Incan Empire was a powerful civilization that thrived in the Andean region of South America from the early 15th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. It was known for its advanced agricultural techniques, impressive architecture, and extensive road systems that connected various parts of the empire. The capital city was Cusco, which served as the political and cultural heart of the empire. The Incas spoke the Quechua language and practiced a polytheistic religion, worshipping gods such as Inti, the sun god. Their society was highly organized, with a centralized government led by the Sapa Inca, who was considered a divine ruler. The empire's vast territory included parts of modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Chile.