The Inca ruler, known as the Sapa Inca, was the supreme leader of the Inca Empire, which thrived in the Andean region of South America from the early 15th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. The Sapa Inca was considered a divine figure, believed to be a descendant of the sun god, Inti. This status granted the ruler immense power over the empire's political, military, and religious affairs. The Sapa Inca governed a vast territory that included modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and parts of Chile and Argentina. The ruler was supported by a council of nobles and local leaders, who helped manage the empire's extensive road systems, agricultural practices, and tribute collection. The Sapa Inca's authority was central to maintaining the unity and prosperity of the Inca civilization.