The iliac artery is a major blood vessel that branches off from the aorta, the largest artery in the body. It is divided into two main branches: the common iliac artery on each side of the body. These arteries supply blood to the lower limbs and pelvic region, playing a crucial role in circulation. Each common iliac artery further divides into the internal iliac artery and the external iliac artery. The internal iliac artery supplies blood to the pelvic organs, while the external iliac artery continues down to become the femoral artery, which supplies blood to the thigh and leg.