The common iliac artery is a major blood vessel that branches from the abdominal aorta. It typically divides into two main branches: the internal iliac artery, which supplies blood to the pelvic organs, and the external iliac artery, which continues down to supply the lower limbs. Located in the lower abdomen, the common iliac artery plays a crucial role in delivering oxygenated blood to the pelvis and legs. It is an essential part of the body's circulatory system, ensuring that vital organs and tissues receive the necessary nutrients and oxygen for proper function.