Ideal numbers are a special class of numbers in number theory, particularly in the context of algebraic number theory. They are defined as certain types of divisors that can be used to create a unique factorization of integers. Ideal numbers help mathematicians understand the structure of rings and fields, which are fundamental concepts in abstract algebra. In the realm of mathematics, ideal numbers are closely related to prime numbers and composite numbers. They play a crucial role in the study of algebraic integers and can be used to solve equations in more complex number systems. Understanding ideal numbers enhances our grasp of how numbers interact within different mathematical frameworks.