Ideal cycles refer to theoretical models in thermodynamics that describe processes where energy is converted with maximum efficiency and no losses. These cycles serve as benchmarks for real-world engines and systems, helping engineers understand the limits of performance. Common examples include the Carnot cycle and the Otto cycle, which illustrate how heat engines operate under ideal conditions. In an ideal cycle, the working substance undergoes a series of reversible processes, ensuring that no energy is wasted as heat. This concept is crucial for improving the efficiency of various applications, including refrigerators, heat pumps, and internal combustion engines.