Ibero-American Literature refers to the body of literary works produced in Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries in the Americas and Europe. This includes nations such as Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, and Spain. The literature encompasses various genres, including poetry, novels, and essays, reflecting the diverse cultures, histories, and social issues of these regions. Key movements within Ibero-American Literature include Modernismo, which emerged in the late 19th century, and Magical Realism, popularized by authors like Gabriel García Márquez. These works often explore themes of identity, colonialism, and the interplay between reality and fantasy, showcasing the rich literary heritage of the Ibero-American world.