ISO 19101 is an international standard that provides a framework for geographic information and spatial data. It focuses on the principles of geographic information and outlines the fundamental concepts necessary for understanding and managing spatial data effectively. The standard is part of the ISO 19100 series, which addresses various aspects of geographic information. By establishing a common understanding of terms and definitions, ISO 19101 helps organizations ensure consistency and interoperability in the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and related technologies.