Integrated Circuit (IC) is a small electronic device made up of many components, such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors, all embedded on a single semiconductor material, usually silicon. ICs are essential in modern electronics, enabling the miniaturization of devices while improving performance and efficiency. They are used in various applications, from simple gadgets to complex systems like computers and smartphones. The invention of the IC in the late 1950s revolutionized the electronics industry, leading to the development of microprocessors and microcontrollers. These advancements have made it possible to create compact and powerful devices, significantly impacting technology and daily life. ICs are now found in almost every electronic device, making them a fundamental component of modern technology.