Hyrcanus II was a prominent figure in the late Hasmonean dynasty of ancient Judea. He served as high priest and was a ruler during a tumultuous period marked by internal strife and external pressures from the Roman Empire. His reign was characterized by political instability and conflict with his brother, Aristobulus II. Hyrcanus II's leadership was challenged by various factions, leading to his eventual defeat and loss of power. He later became a puppet ruler under the Romans, which diminished his authority. Despite his challenges, he played a significant role in the history of Judea during the transition to Roman control.