Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of brain injury that occurs when the brain does not receive enough oxygen and blood flow, often during birth. This condition can lead to serious complications, including developmental delays and neurological disorders, depending on the severity and duration of the oxygen deprivation. HIE is commonly associated with complications such as birth asphyxia, where the baby struggles to breathe during or after delivery. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes, and treatments may include therapeutic hypothermia, which helps to protect the brain by lowering its temperature.