Hungarian history dates back to the arrival of the Magyars in the Carpathian Basin around the 9th century. They established the Principality of Hungary, which became a kingdom in 1000 AD under Stephen I, the first king. Over the centuries, Hungary faced invasions, including the Mongol invasion in the 13th century and the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, leading to significant territorial changes. In the 19th century, Hungary experienced a national awakening, culminating in the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, which created a dual monarchy. After World War I, Hungary lost significant territories through the Treaty of Trianon in 1920. The country underwent various political changes throughout the 20th century, including a brief period of Soviet influence after World War II, before transitioning to democracy in 1989.