Hungarian history dates back to the arrival of the Magyars in the Carpathian Basin around the 9th century. They established the Principality of Hungary, which became a kingdom in 1000 AD under Stephen I, the first king. Over the centuries, Hungary faced invasions, including the Mongol invasion in the 13th century and the Ottoman conquest in the 16th century, which significantly impacted its development. In the 19th century, Hungary experienced a national awakening, leading to the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, which created a dual monarchy. After World War I, Hungary lost significant territory and became a republic, later falling under communist rule after World War II. The country transitioned to democracy in 1989, joining the European Union in 2004.