Human factors refer to the study of how people interact with systems, products, and environments. This field focuses on understanding human abilities, limitations, and behaviors to improve safety, efficiency, and user experience. By considering aspects like ergonomics and cognitive psychology, designers can create tools and spaces that better fit human needs. In various industries, such as aviation and healthcare, human factors play a crucial role in reducing errors and enhancing performance. For instance, cockpit design in airplanes is optimized to ensure pilots can easily access controls and information, ultimately leading to safer flights and improved decision-making during critical situations.