Hugh O'Neill, 1st Earl of Tyrone (c. 1540–1616), was a prominent Irish nobleman and military leader during the late 16th century. He was a key figure in the Nine Years' War, which was a conflict between Irish chieftains and English rule in Ireland. O'Neill sought to defend Irish autonomy and resist English encroachment on his territory in Ulster. O'Neill was born into the O'Neill dynasty, a powerful family in Ireland. He became the Earl of Tyrone in 1542 and was recognized for his military skills and political acumen. After his defeat at the Battle of Kinsale in 1601, he fled to Spain and later died in exile. His legacy remains significant in Irish history.