The Earl of Tyrone is a title in the peerage of Ireland, historically associated with the province of Ulster. The most notable holder was Hugh O'Neill, who became the 2nd Earl in the late 16th century. He played a significant role in the Nine Years' War against English rule, seeking to maintain Irish autonomy. The title has a complex history, with various claimants and political implications over the centuries. After the defeat of Hugh O'Neill, the title fell into disuse, but it was later revived in the 19th century. Today, the title is part of the broader context of Irish nobility and its historical struggles.