Homology modeling is a computational technique used to predict the three-dimensional structure of a protein based on its similarity to known structures of related proteins. By aligning the amino acid sequence of the target protein with that of a template protein, researchers can create a model that reflects the likely arrangement of atoms in the target protein. This method is particularly useful when experimental techniques, like X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy, are not feasible. Homology modeling helps scientists understand protein function, interactions, and can aid in drug design by providing insights into the protein's active sites and binding mechanisms.