Homo heidelbergensis is an extinct species of early human that lived approximately 700,000 to 300,000 years ago. They are believed to have evolved from Homo erectus and are considered a common ancestor of both Neanderthals and modern Homo sapiens. Fossils have been found in Europe, Africa, and Asia, indicating their wide distribution. This species is characterized by a larger brain size compared to earlier humans, with an average cranial capacity of about 1,200 to 1,400 cubic centimeters. Homo heidelbergensis is also known for using tools, hunting large game, and possibly building shelters, showcasing their advanced cognitive abilities.