The Hohokam were an ancient Native American culture that thrived in the desert regions of what is now Arizona from around 300 to 1500 CE. They are best known for their advanced irrigation systems, which allowed them to farm in the arid climate. The Hohokam cultivated crops such as corn, beans, and squash, supporting a complex society. In addition to agriculture, the Hohokam were skilled artisans, creating pottery and jewelry from materials like shells and copper. They built large villages and ceremonial structures, including the famous ball courts. The reasons for their decline around 1500 CE remain a topic of research and debate among archaeologists.