The history of the Philippines began with the arrival of the first inhabitants over 30,000 years ago. These early settlers were followed by various groups, including the Austronesians, who established communities and trade networks. In 1521, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer, arrived, marking the beginning of Spanish colonization, which lasted for over 300 years. During Spanish rule, the Philippines became a vital part of the Spanish Empire, with the introduction of Christianity and the establishment of cities. The country gained independence in 1898 after the Spanish-American War, but soon faced American colonization. The Philippines finally achieved full independence in 1946 after World War II.