Iceland's history began with the arrival of Norse settlers in the late 9th century, primarily from Norway. The first permanent settlement was established by Flóki Vilgerðarson around 874 AD. The island's unique geography and climate shaped its development, leading to a society that relied heavily on fishing, farming, and trade. In 930 AD, the Althing, one of the world's oldest parliaments, was founded, marking the beginning of Iceland's legislative history. Over the centuries, Iceland experienced various political changes, including union with Norway in 1262 and later with Denmark in 1814, before gaining independence in 1944.