Historical France is known for its rich cultural heritage and significant events that shaped Europe. From the establishment of the Frankish Kingdom in the 5th century to the rise of the Capetian Dynasty, France played a crucial role in medieval politics. The Hundred Years' War against England and the French Revolution in 1789 were pivotal moments that transformed the nation and influenced democratic movements worldwide. The country has been home to influential figures such as Joan of Arc and Napoleon Bonaparte, who left lasting legacies. France's contributions to art, philosophy, and science are notable, with movements like Renaissance and Enlightenment emerging from its borders. Today, France's historical landmarks, such as the Eiffel Tower and Palace of Versailles, attract millions of visitors each year.