Historical education systems varied widely across cultures and time periods. In ancient Greece, for example, education focused on philosophy, arts, and physical training, with notable figures like Socrates and Plato influencing teaching methods. In contrast, the Medieval period emphasized religious instruction, primarily through monasteries and cathedrals, where students learned Latin and theology. During the Renaissance, education began to shift towards humanism, promoting subjects like literature and science. The establishment of universities in Europe marked a significant development, providing structured learning environments. By the 19th century, formal schooling became more widespread, leading to the modern education systems we recognize today.