The 19th century, spanning from 1801 to 1900, was a time of great change and innovation. It saw the rise of the Industrial Revolution, which transformed economies from agriculture-based to industrial and manufacturing. This period also witnessed significant advancements in technology, such as the invention of the steam engine and the telegraph, which connected people and places like never before. Socially and politically, the 19th century was marked by movements for abolition, women's rights, and nationalism. Important figures like Abraham Lincoln and Susan B. Anthony emerged, advocating for equality and justice. The century ended with the world on the brink of modernity, setting the stage for the 20th century.