The Hispano-Arabic Wars refer to a series of military conflicts between the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula and the Muslim states established in the region, particularly during the Middle Ages. These wars were part of the larger Reconquista, a centuries-long effort by Christian forces to reclaim territory from Muslim rule, which began after the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in the early 8th century. Key battles and skirmishes occurred throughout the 8th to 15th centuries, involving notable figures such as El Cid and various Muslim leaders. The conflicts ultimately led to the fall of the last Muslim stronghold, Granada, in 1492, marking the end of Muslim rule in Spain.