The term "Islamic Conquest" refers to the rapid expansion of Islamic rule across various regions following the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 CE. This expansion was primarily led by the Rashidun Caliphate and later the Umayyad Caliphate, which spread Islam through military campaigns, trade, and diplomacy. Key areas affected included the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe. During this period, Islamic armies captured significant territories, including the Sassanian Empire and large portions of the Byzantine Empire. The conquests facilitated the spread of Islamic culture, language, and religion, leading to the establishment of new administrative systems and the integration of diverse populations into the Islamic world.