Hispania Lusitania was a province of the Roman Empire located in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula, primarily covering modern-day Portugal and parts of Spain. It was established during the Roman conquest of the region and became an important area for trade and agriculture. The province was known for its rich resources, including olive oil and wine. The capital of Hispania Lusitania was Emerita Augusta, now known as Mérida, which served as a significant administrative and cultural center. The province was home to various Roman structures, including theaters and aqueducts, reflecting the influence of Roman architecture and engineering in the region.