Hilmar Gurlitt was a German art dealer born in 1895, known for his involvement in the art world during the early to mid-20th century. He was the son of Hilmar Gurlitt, a prominent art dealer, and became notable for his collection of modern art, which included works by famous artists such as Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse. During World War II, Gurlitt's activities came under scrutiny due to the Nazi regime's policies on art, leading to the confiscation of many artworks. After the war, he continued to deal in art, and his collection gained attention for its historical significance, particularly regarding the provenance of the pieces.