Hildebrand of Rome, also known as Pope Gregory VII, was a significant figure in the 11th century. Born around 1020, he became a monk and later a cardinal before ascending to the papacy in 1073. Hildebrand is best known for his efforts to reform the Church, particularly in combating simony and enforcing clerical celibacy. His papacy was marked by the Investiture Controversy, a conflict with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over the appointment of bishops. Hildebrand's insistence on papal authority led to significant political and religious changes in Europe, solidifying the Church's power during the medieval period.