The Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration refers to a period from the late 19th century to the early 20th century when explorers ventured into Antarctica to uncover its mysteries. Key figures during this time included Ernest Shackleton, Robert Falcon Scott, and Roald Amundsen, who undertook perilous journeys to map the continent and reach the South Pole. This era was marked by significant achievements and tragic failures, as explorers faced extreme weather, isolation, and physical challenges. The competition to be the first to reach the South Pole culminated in Amundsen's successful expedition in 1911, followed by Scott's ill-fated attempt in 1912.