Herculaneum is an ancient Roman town located near modern-day Ercolano, Italy. It was buried under volcanic ash and mud during the catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, preserving many of its buildings and artifacts. Unlike its more famous neighbor, Pompeii, Herculaneum was better preserved due to the nature of the volcanic material that covered it. Excavations began in the 18th century, revealing well-preserved structures, frescoes, and everyday items that provide insight into Roman life. The site is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, attracting visitors interested in ancient history and archaeology.