Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne (1845-1927), was a British statesman and politician. He served as a member of the Liberal Party and held various important positions, including Secretary of State for India and Governor-General of Canada. His political career was marked by his efforts in promoting social reforms and international diplomacy. In addition to his political work, Lansdowne was known for his contributions to the House of Lords and his involvement in foreign affairs. He played a significant role in the Anglo-Japanese Alliance and was an advocate for peace during the tumultuous years leading up to World War I.