Henry Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl of Southampton (1603-1685), was an English nobleman known for his role during the English Civil War. He was a supporter of the Parliamentarians and served as a commander in the New Model Army. His political and military involvement reflected the turbulent times of 17th-century England. Born into a prominent family, Southampton inherited the earldom from his father, Henry Fitzwilliam, 3rd Earl of Southampton. He was also a patron of the arts and had connections with notable figures, including the playwright William Shakespeare, who dedicated works to his family.