Hemispherical coordinates are a three-dimensional coordinate system that describes points in space using three values: the radial distance, the polar angle, and the azimuthal angle. This system is particularly useful for problems involving spheres or hemispheres, as it simplifies calculations related to spherical shapes. The radial distance measures how far a point is from the origin, while the polar angle indicates the angle from the vertical axis, and the azimuthal angle represents the angle around the vertical axis. In this coordinate system, the radial distance is denoted as r, the polar angle as θ, and the azimuthal angle as φ. Hemispherical coordinates are often used in fields such as physics, engineering, and computer graphics to model and analyze phenomena that exhibit spherical symmetry. By converting Cartesian coordinates to hemispherical coordinates, complex problems can become more manageable.