Hematological diseases are disorders that affect the blood, bone marrow, and the organs involved in blood production. Common examples include anemia, where there is a deficiency of red blood cells, and leukemia, a type of cancer that affects white blood cells. These conditions can lead to various symptoms, such as fatigue, weakness, and increased susceptibility to infections. Diagnosis of hematological diseases often involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsies, and imaging studies. Treatment options vary depending on the specific disease and may include medications, blood transfusions, or stem cell transplants. Early detection and management are crucial for improving patient outcomes.