The Hellenistic era refers to the period in history from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE to the rise of the Roman Empire around 30 BCE. This era is characterized by the spread of Greek culture and influence across a vast region, including parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. It marked a time of significant advancements in art, science, and philosophy, as well as the blending of Greek and local cultures. During the Hellenistic era, major cities like Alexandria in Egypt became centers of learning and commerce. The period saw the emergence of notable figures such as the philosopher Epicurus and the mathematician Euclid, who contributed to various fields of knowledge. The Hellenistic era ultimately laid the groundwork for the cultural and intellectual developments that followed in the Roman period.