Heinrich Schliemann was a German archaeologist born in 1822, best known for his excavations at the ancient city of Troy. He believed that the stories in Homer's epics, particularly the Iliad, were based on real historical events. Schliemann's work in the late 19th century helped to bring attention to the field of archaeology. Schliemann's most famous discovery was the so-called Treasure of Priam, which he claimed to have found in Troy. His methods were often controversial, and he faced criticism for his excavation techniques. Nevertheless, his contributions significantly advanced the study of ancient civilizations and inspired future archaeologists.