Heian culture refers to the period in Japanese history from 794 to 1185, characterized by the flourishing of art, literature, and courtly life. This era is named after the capital city, Heian-kyo (modern-day Kyoto), where the imperial court was established. The culture emphasized aesthetics, with a focus on poetry, particularly waka, and the development of unique Japanese styles in painting and calligraphy. During the Heian period, the noble class played a significant role in shaping cultural practices. Notable works, such as The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu, emerged, highlighting the complexities of court life and relationships. The period also saw advancements in Buddhism and the rise of distinct Japanese religious practices, contributing to a rich cultural tapestry.