Heavy metal contamination refers to the presence of toxic metals, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic, in the environment. These metals can enter soil, water, and air through industrial processes, mining, and improper waste disposal. They can accumulate in living organisms, leading to harmful health effects. Exposure to heavy metals can cause various health issues, including neurological damage, kidney problems, and developmental disorders. Contaminated food and water sources are common pathways for human exposure. Monitoring and regulating heavy metal levels is essential to protect public health and the environment.