"Hammer of the Scots" is a nickname for King Edward I of England, who ruled from 1272 to 1307. This title reflects his military campaigns against the Scots during the Wars of Scottish Independence. Edward sought to assert English dominance over Scotland, leading to significant battles and conflicts. The term is often associated with the fierce resistance led by William Wallace and later Robert the Bruce. These Scottish leaders fought to reclaim their nation's independence, ultimately leading to the decline of Edward's influence in Scotland and the establishment of a separate Scottish identity.