The "Great Stink" refers to a significant event that occurred in London during the summer of 1858. The city's sewage system was inadequate, leading to the accumulation of waste in the River Thames. The hot weather caused the waste to emit a foul odor, which became unbearable for residents and disrupted daily life. The crisis prompted urgent action from the government and public health officials. Notably, engineer Joseph Bazalgette designed a new sewer system that redirected waste away from the Thames. This project greatly improved sanitation in London and laid the foundation for modern urban sewage systems.