Grading scales are systems used to evaluate and communicate a student's performance in an educational setting. They typically assign letter grades, such as A, B, C, D, and F, which correspond to specific numerical ranges. For example, an A might represent scores from 90% to 100%, while an F indicates failing work, usually below 60%. Different institutions may use variations of grading scales, such as the 4.0 scale or percentage systems. The 4.0 scale assigns a value of 4.0 for an A, 3.0 for a B, and so on, allowing for the calculation of a student's Grade Point Average (GPA).