Gothic sculpture emerged in Europe during the late 12th century and flourished until the 16th century. It is characterized by its intricate details, elongated forms, and expressive figures, often found adorning cathedrals and churches. Notable examples include the sculptures on the façades of famous structures like Notre-Dame Cathedral and Chartres Cathedral, which depict biblical scenes and saints. This style marked a shift from the more rigid and formal styles of the Romanesque period, emphasizing naturalism and emotional expression. Artists began to focus on the human figure, creating lifelike representations that conveyed movement and drama, reflecting the spiritual and cultural changes of the time.