Cathedral architecture refers to the design and construction of large, important churches known as cathedrals. These structures often feature grand elements like tall spires, intricate stained glass windows, and detailed stone carvings. The style can vary, with notable examples including Gothic, Romanesque, and Renaissance designs, each characterized by unique features and techniques. Gothic cathedrals, for instance, are known for their pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, which allow for higher ceilings and larger windows. In contrast, Romanesque cathedrals typically have thick walls, rounded arches, and smaller windows. Overall, cathedral architecture reflects the religious and cultural values of the time in which it was built.