Gondwanaland was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras, approximately 600 to 180 million years ago. It included present-day continents such as South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and the Indian subcontinent. Gondwanaland played a crucial role in the geological history of Earth, influencing climate and biodiversity. Over time, Gondwanaland began to break apart due to tectonic plate movements. This fragmentation led to the formation of the individual continents we recognize today. The study of Gondwanaland helps scientists understand the processes of continental drift and the evolutionary history of various species across different regions.